Aging reduces the number and effectiveness of NK cells. They kill viruses, cancer and they play an important role in pregnancy by differentiating the fetus as a special foreign body. If B-cells are soldiers, and T-cells are mercenaries, then NK-cells are the CIA, the intelligence unit. The third way the body reacts is through Natural Killer (NK) cells. What is interesting is that T cell responses are found in most COVID-19 patients that may last longer than antibodies. In the absence of antibodies, T cells can control infection by themselves. Another type of T cell calls for help, especially from antibodies. Unlike antibodies, these T cells only fight one specific type of virus. One type of T cell is mercenaries that inject the virus with a lethal poison. In the meantime, the second cell type that fights infections is T cells. Newly infected people are unlikely to have detectable antibodies during the first few days, but most develop them after one to three weeks. Antibodies have five methods of killing the virus and are therefore effective soldiers. Antibodies are soldiers, that either go out into the bloodstream to fight the viruses or stick close to the fort on the B cells. The first line of attack are antibodies produced by B cells. It is best to see the body's reaction as a war with different types of defense: soldiers, mercenaries, and intelligence units. Vaccines work by pretending to infect the body and then the body reacts in three ways. In some cases, however, attenuated viruses (weakened live viruses) are used. Vaccines usually include inactive viruses, dead viruses. Every year we check what is happening in Asia and then we select a few flu viruses from there and develop vaccines. B viruses have two types-Victoria and Yamagata-with sub-types.
Since there are 18 types of H and 11 types of N there can 198 different A-viruses. A-type viruses have two proteins called H and N.
The flu is much simpler than a cold virus (COVID-19 is a cold virus.)Īlthough there are four types of influenza (flu) viruses-A, B, C, and D-influenza A and B viruses are the only ones that cause flu pandemics. We have a lot of experience with flu vaccines. To appreciate this view, we need to understand how vaccines work. A vaccine will not end the threat posed by COVID-19 or other viruses following. But such predictions are misguided and wrong, especially for older people. We are told that this is the only answer. We have politicians forecasting that a vaccine is on its way that will save us. Everyone wants a simple answer to this 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.
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